TÀI LIỆU TẠI ĐÂYIsobutanol
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Công thức và một số tên gọi khác
CAS NO.
78-83-1
EINECS NO.
201-148-0
FORMULA
CH3(CH2)3OH
MOL WT.
74.12
H.S. CODE
2905.14
TOXICITY
Oral rat LD50: 2460 mg/kg
SYNONYMS
1-Hydroxymethylpropane; Isopropylcarbinol;
2-Methyl-1-Propanol; Isobutyl alcohol; Isopropylcarbinol; Fermentation butyl alcohol; 1-Hydroxymethylpropane; 2-Methylpropanol; 2-Methylpropan-1-ol; 2-Methylpropanol-1; 2-Methylpropyl alcohol; Butanol-iso; Alcool isobutylique; Isobutylalkohol;
DERIVATION
CLASSIFICATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Mô tả tổng quát
Isobutanol (isobutyl alcohol) rất hữu ích trong việc tổng hợp cac chất hữu cơ nhö laø một chất trung gian vaø laøà một dung moâi trong caùc ứng dụng sơn, IBA coù ñaëc tính gần giống n-butyl alcohol noù coùthể ñược sử dụng như là một chất bổ sung hoặc thay thế cho n-butyl alcohol trong nhiều ứng dụng. Khi lieân hệ tới một dung moâi tiềm ẩn tốc ñoä bay hôi chaäm trong daàu boùng lacquers vaø sôn men trong moâi tröôøng bao quanh bôûi ñoä aåm khoâng khí thì IBA coù aûnh höûông ñeán vieäc laøm giaûm ñoä nhôùt cuûa nhieàu coâng thöùc trong khi cuøng luùc thuùc ñaåy vaø laøm chaäm laïi doøng chaûy cuûa sôn(caûi thieän ñoä nhôùt)
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE
clear liquid
MELTING POINT
-108 C
BOILING POINT
107 - 108 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
0.802 - 0.804
SOLUBILITY IN WATER
9.5 ml/100ml
pH
VAPOR DENSITY
2.6
AUTOIGNITION
413 C
NFPA RATINGS
Health: 1; Flammability: 3; Reactivity: 0
REFRACTIVE INDEX
FLASH POINT
26 - 29 C
STABILITY
Stable under ordinary conditions
APPLICATIONS Ứng dụng
Butyl acrylate and methacrylate, glycol ethers, butyl acetate, direct solvent use, plasticizers, amino resins, miscellaneous, including butylamines
SALES SPECIFICATION Chỉ tiêu thương mại
APPEARANCE
clear liquid
PURITY
99.5% min
COLOR
10 max, APHA
WATER
0.05% max
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
0.802 - 0.804
ACIDITY
0.002 max ( KOH mg/kg)
PRECAUTION IN HANDLING Chú ý khi tiếp xúc
Protect against physical damage. Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location, away from any area where the fire hazard may be acute. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from incompatibles. Containers should be bonded and grounded for transfers to avoid static sparks. Storage and use areas should be No Smoking areas. Use non-sparking type tools and equipment, including explosion proof ventilation. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
160kgs in drum, in bulk
HAZARD CLASS
3 (Packing Group: III)
UN NO.
1120
OTHER INFORMATION
Hazard Symbols: XN F, Risk Phrases: 10-20, Safety Phrases: 7/9-9-13-16-26-33-37/39-46
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ALCOHOL Mô tả tổng quát về ALCOHOL
Alcohols are widely used as solvents, fuels and chemical raw materials. Generally, hydroxyl group compounds are polar, which trends to promote solubility in water. But the carbon chain resist to solubility in water. Short chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) in which the hydroxyl group predominates are miscible in water. Butanol is moderately soluble because of the balance between the two opposing solubility trends. Higher alcohols are practically insoluble in water because of the hydrocarbon chain's trend is stronger. Alcohols are "protic" solvents. Protic refers to a hydrogen atom attached to an electronegative atom, oxygen. Polar protic solvents are compounds that can be represented by the general formula ROH of which water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) are examples. Water-soluble alcohols, low-molecular weight products, are solvents for the manufacture of coatings, dyes and inks, plastics, flavorings, personal-care products, pharmaceuticals, and cleaners. The higher alcohols, slightly soluble in water or insoluble, can provide the proper balance of target properties when solvent-based solvents are formulated for desired viscosity, flowing and leveling, and curing rate and can be used as coupling agents in waterborne coatings.
Alcohols are very weak acids as they lose H+ in the hydroxyl group. Alcohols undergoes dehydration reaction which means the elimination of water molecule replaced by a pi bond between two adjacent carbon atoms to form alkenes under heating in the presence of strong acids like hydrocloric acid or phosphoric acid. Primary and secondary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones respectively. Carboxylic acids are obtained from oxidation of aldehydes. Oxidation in organic chemistry can be considered to be the loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen and reduction to gain hydrogen or loss of oxygen. Tertiary alcohols do not react to give oxidation products as they have no H attached to the alcohol carbon. Alcohols undergoes important reactions called nucleophilic substitution in which an electron donor replaces a leaving group, generally conjugate bases of strong acids, as a covalent substitute of some atom. One of important reaction of alcohol is condensation. Ethers are formed by the condensation of two alcohols by heating with sulfuric acid; the reaction is one of dehydration. Almost infinite esters are formed through condensation reaction called esterification between carboxylic acid and alcohol, which produces water. Alcohols are important solvents and chemical raw materials. Alcohols are intermediates for the production of target compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, ore floatation agents, pesticides, hydraulic fluids, and detergents.
Carbinol is a primary alcohol with general formula RCH2OH. In carbinol nomenclature system, the term of carbinol is methanol itself and other groups are considered to have replaced one of the methanol hydrogen atoms to describe larger alcohols as derivatives of carbinol. This nomenclature system is particularly useful when the groups attached to the methanol carbon are large, aromatic, and cyclo groups. Benzyl alcohol is called phenylcarbinol or benzenecarbinol while benzyl carbinol is phenylethyl alcohol.
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